结核病与糖尿病共病的治疗管理专家共识

结核病与糖尿病均是临床上的常见病和多发病,两者可合并存在,相互影响。活动性结核病作为感染因素可加重糖尿病病情,而糖尿病患者又是发生结核病的高危人群,结核病与糖尿病双重负担将成为重大的全球公共卫生问题。因此,需重视结核病与糖尿病共病的治疗管理。本共识重点介绍了结核病与糖尿病共病的危害、发病机制、双向筛查、临床特点、诊断、治疗和管理等内容。     

Prof. Pengfei Tu and Prof. Kewu Zeng have discovered the natural molecule glue bufalin

Prof. Pengfei Tu and Prof. Kewu Zeng have discovered the natural molecule glue bufalin.     

硬膜外麻醉与椎旁神经阻滞非气管插管单孔胸腔镜手术效果比较

目的比较硬膜外麻醉与椎旁神经阻滞非气管插管单孔胸腔镜手术的效果。方法选择2017年11月至2019年6月锦州医科大学附属第一医院收治的45例采用非气管插管麻醉单孔胸腔镜手术的肺部良恶性肿瘤患者,采用随机数字表法分为椎旁神经阻滞组(22例)与硬膜外麻醉组(23例)。麻醉诱导前,椎旁神经阻滞组均于超声引导下阻滞胸3~6棘突旁神经根;硬膜外麻醉组均于胸6~7或7~8间隙行硬膜外穿刺置管麻醉。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后定向力恢复时间、下床活动时间、带管时间、出院时间及相关并发症。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与硬膜外麻醉组相比,椎旁神经阻滞组术后定向力恢复时间[(7.22±2.20)min比(18.80±5.06)min]、下床活动时间[(11.45±3.01)h比(21.90±4.61)h]、带管时间[(2.77±0.81)d比(5.47±1.31)d]、出院时间[(3.68±0.84)d比(6.17±1.03)d]均缩短,两组差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-9.874、-8.763、-8.282、-7.594,均P<0.05)。椎旁神经阻滞组术后未发生低氧血症、低血压、肺部并发症、恶心、呕吐、尿潴留等相关并发症。结论非气管插管单孔胸腔镜手术中采用椎旁神经阻滞术后恢复快、并发症少,临床上可优先选择,有助于快速康复。     

武汉同济医院－新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎流行期间孕产妇及新生儿管理指导意见(第一版)

2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市发生多例新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎病例,后来我国其他省市和国外也陆续出现相关病例。孕产妇和新生儿如何防范,从哪些地方警惕,产检安排是否需要调整;疑似病例判断标准是什么,服药方案怎么制定;医护人员的配备怎么安排比较合适;分娩后新生儿的观察和隔离怎么制定方案,如何指导家属进行看护?面对这一系列问题,武汉华中科技大学同济医院妇产科联合新生儿科共同发布了《同济医院-新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎流行期间孕产妇及新生儿管理指导意见》,依据国家卫建委发布的《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案(试行第四版)》和世界卫生组织、美国及各省份就肺炎或新型冠状病毒感染肺炎的相关指导意见,结合近期实际临床救治经验和体会,以问答方式,就上述问题进行了一一指导阐述。     

Loss of function,missense, and intronic variants in NOTCH1 confer different risks for left ventricular outflow tract obstructive heart defects in two European cohorts

Loss of function variants in NOTCH1 cause left ventricular outflow tract obstructive defects (LVOTO). However, the risk conferred by rare and noncoding variants in NOTCH1 for LVOTO remains largely uncharacterized. In a cohort of 49 families affected by hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a severe form of LVOTO, we discovered predicted loss of function NOTCH1 variants in 6% of individuals. Rare or low-frequency missense variants were found in 16% of families. To make a quantitative estimate of the genetic risk posed by variants in NOTCH1 for LVOTO, we studied associations of 400 coding and noncoding variants in NOTCH1 in 1,085 cases and 332,788 controls from the UK Biobank. Two rare intronic variants in strong linkage disequilibrium displayed significant association with risk for LVOTO amongst European-ancestry individuals. This result was replicated in an independent analysis of 210 cases and 68,762 controls of non-European and mixed ancestry. In conclusion, carrying rare predicted loss of function variants in NOTCH1 confer significant risk for LVOTO. In addition, the two intronic variants seem to be associated with an increased risk for these defects. Our approach demonstrates the utility of population-based data sets in quantifying the specific risk of individual variants for disease-related phenotypes.